A priest is first mentioned in Vosswinkel in 1187. However, the church dedicated to St. Urbanus I (pope and martyr) seems to have existed much earlier. After the previous building burned down in 1749, the current Baroque church was built on the same site from 1750-56. It was consecrated after the Seven Years' War in 1765. A neo-baroque extension was added in 1938/39.
The three rococo altars are worth seeing; one side altar used to double as a pulpit, a rarity especially in Catholic churches. The organ from 1890 is the first work of the newly founded organ building company Stockmann, Werl.
During the last renovation (2002/03), the interior was painted in a modern style by the artist Tobias Kammerer. The combination of historical furnishings and modern painting is highly regarded.